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Síndrome de quilomicronemia familiar: experiencia pediátrica en Argentina
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Araujo, M. Beatriz

; Eiberman, Gabriel

; Etcheverry, Natalia

; Pacheco, Gabriela

Archivos argentinos de pediatría

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Jun 2022, Volume 120 Nº 3 Páginas 12 - 12

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, prevalence 1:200,000 - 1:1,000,000, and is characterized by fasting chylomicrons and very high triglycerides > 880 mg/dl. LPL is the most frequently affected gene, then APOC2, GPIHBP1, APOA5, LMF1, all of them compromising the function of lipoproteinlipase. FCS commonly presents in childhood with recurrent abdominal pain, eruptive xanthomas, failure to thrive, pancreatitis, and sometimes asymptomatic. The conventional treatment is dietetic fat restriction. The clinical outcome of 20 pediatric patients with FCS recruited from 4 hospitals in Argentina is reported.

RESUMEN El síndrome de quilomicronemia familiar (SQF) es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva rara, con una prevalencia 1:200 000 - 1:1 000 000, y se caracteriza por quilomicronemia en ayunas y niveles muy elevados de triglicéridos (> 880 mg/ dl). LPL es el gen más frecuentemente afectado, luego APOC2, GPIHBP1, APOA5 y LMF1; todos ellos comprometen la función de la lipoproteinlipasa endotelial. El SQF suele presentarse en la infancia con dolor abdominal recurrente, xantomas eruptivos, retraso del crecimiento, pancreatitis y, en ocasiones, asintomático. El tratamiento convencional es la restricción dietética de grasas. Se muestra el resultado clínico de 20 pacientes pediátricos con SQF reclutados de 4 hospitales en Argentina.

https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2022.e123

Brazilian recommendations on the safety and effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccination in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
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Pileggi, Gecilmara Salviato

; Mota, Licia Maria Henrique Da

; Kakehasi, Adriana Maria

; Souza, Alexandre Wagner De

; Rocha, Aline

; Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de

; Fonte, Caroline Araujo M. da

; Bortoletto, Cecilia

; Brenol, Claiton Viegas

; Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes

; Zaltman, Cyrla

; Borba, Eduardo Ferreira

; Reis, Enio Ribeiro

; Freire, Eutilia Andrade Medeiros

; Klumb, Evandro Mendes

; Christopoulos, Georges Basile

; Laurindo, Ieda Maria M.

; Ballalai, Isabella

; Costa, Izaias Pereira Da

; Michelin, Lessandra

; Valadares, Lilian David de Azevêdo

; Chebli, Liliana Andrade

; Lacerda, Marcus

; Toscano, Maria Amazile Ferreira

; Yazbek, Michel Alexandre

; Vieira, Rejane Maria R. De Abreu

; Magalhães, Renata

; Kfouri, Renato

; Richtmann, Rosana

; Merenlender, Selma Da Costa Silva

; Valim, Valeria

; Assis, Marcos Renato De

; Kowalski, Sergio Candido

; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

Advances in Rheumatology

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2019, Volume 59 elocation 17

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: In Brazil, we are facing an alarming epidemic scenario of Yellow fever (YF), which is reaching the most populous areas of the country in unvaccinated people. Vaccination is the only effective tool to prevent YF. In special situations, such as patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (CIMID), undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, as a higher risk of severe adverse events may occur, assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) should be performed on an individual level. Main body of the abstract: Faced with the scarcity of specific orientation on YFV for this special group of patients, the Brazilian Rheumatology Society (BRS) endorsed a project aiming the development of individualized YFV recommendations for patients with CIMID, guided by questions addressed by both medical professionals and patients, followed an internationally validated methodology (GIN-McMaster Guideline Development). Firstly, a systematic review was carried out and an expert panel formed to take part of the decision process, comprising BRS clinical practitioners, as well as individuals from the Brazilian Dermatology Society (BDS), Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group (GEDIIB), and specialists on infectious diseases and vaccination (from Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunizations National Societies); in addition, two representatives of patient groups were included as members of the panel. When the quality of the evidence was low or there was a lack of evidence to determine the recommendations, the decisions were based on the expert opinion panel and a Delphi approach was performed. A recommendation was accepted upon achieving ≥80% agreement among the panel, including the patient representatives. As a result, eight recommendations were developed regarding the safety of YFV in patients with CIMID, considering the immunosuppression degree conferred by the treatment used. It was not possible to establish recommendations on the effectiveness of YFV in these patients as there is no consistent evidence to support these recommendations. Conclusion: This paper approaches a real need, assessed by clinicians and patient care groups, to address specific questions on the management of YFV in patients with CIMID living or traveling to YF endemic areas, involving specialists from many areas together with patients, and might have global applicability, contributing to and supporting vaccination practices. We recommended a shared decision-making approach on taking or not the YFV.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-019-0056-x 1111 downloads

Germination of three Fabaceae species of interest for ecological restoration in the Southern Monte, Patagonia, Argentina
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Paredes, D. A.

; Paredes, D. A.

; Rodriguez Araujo, M. E.

; Pérez, D. R.

Quebracho (Santiago del Estero)

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2018, Volume 26 Nº 2 Páginas 68 - 68

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Large areas of the Southern Monte in the Patagonia have been severely degraded by overgrazing and oil extraction activities. Rehabilitation and restoration by planting native species are suitable alternatives to reverse this problem. Planting Fabaceae species is particularly recommended to reinitiate the ecological succession because of their ability to improve the soil physical and chemical properties as well as their nitrogen-fixing capability. In addition, this family includes several species that are used as fodder, timber, and for decorative and industrial uses. Thus, these species can be included in restoration projects that integrate social and ecological goals. To explore the suitability of these species for the restoration and rehabilitation of degraded areas, it is necessary to assess what pre-germination treatments are appropriate to obtain a fast and uniform germination in nursery gardens. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of chemical scarification treatments (5 or 45 minutes) and wet-cold treatments (7 or 30 days) on the germination of the following species: Parkinsonia praecox, Prosopidastrum striatum, and Senna aphylla. The three studied species showed the highest germination percentages with chemical scarification during 45 minutes, while the wet-cold treatments did not differ from the control. In conclusion, the acid scarification treatment is suitable for the large-scale propagation of these species because a substantial quantity of seeds can be treated in a short time and with homogeneous results.

Resumen Grandes áreas del Monte Austral han sido severamente degradadas por el pastoreo excesivo y actividades de extracción de petróleo. La rehabilitación y la restauración a través de la plantación de especies nativas se consideran alternativas adecuadas para revertir este problema. En particular se recomiendan plantaciones de especies de Fabaceae para reiniciar la sucesión ecológica porque pueden mejorar las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos y por su capacidad para fijar nitrógeno. Además, esta familia incluye numerosas especies que proporcionan forraje, madera, ornamentación y materiales con potencial uso industrial, y pueden incluirse en aquellos proyectos de restauración que integren objetivos sociales y ecológicos. Para explorar la aptitud de estas especies en la rehabilitación y restauración de áreas degradadas, inicialmente es necesario evaluar qué tratamientos pregerminativos son apropiados para una germinación rápida y uniforme de las semillas en vivero. En este contexto, el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar el efecto de los tratamientos de escarificación química (durante 5 y 45 minutos) y los tratamientos húmedos y fríos (durante 7 y 30 días) sobre la germinación de las siguientes especies: Parkinsonia praecox (Chañar brea), Prosopidastrum striatum (Manca caballos) . Senna aphylla (Pichanilla). Las tres especies estudiadas tuvieron mayores porcentajes de germinación con escarificación química durante 45 minutos, mientras que los tratamientos húmedo-frío no difirieron del control. Concluimos que la escarificación ácida es adecuada para la propagación a gran escala de estas especies, ya que permite tratar grandes cantidades de semillas en poco tiempo y con resultados homogéneos.

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Production of clavulanic acid and cephamycin C by Streptomyces clavuligerus under different fed-batch conditions
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Bellão, C.

; Antonio, T.

; Araujo, M. L. G. C.

; Badino, A. C.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Jun 2013, Volume 30 Nº 2 Páginas 257 - 266

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The effect of carbon source and feeding conditions on the production of clavulanic acid (CA) and cephamycin C (CephC) by Streptomyces clavuligerus was investigated. In fed-batch experiments performed with glycerol feeding, production of CA exceeded that of CephC, and reached 1022 mg.L-1. Highest CephC production (566.5 mg.L-1) was obtained in fed-batch cultivation with glycerol feeding. In fed-batch experiments performed with starch feeding, the production of CephC was in general higher than that of CA. A dissociation index (DI) was used to identify feeding conditions that favored production of CephC relative to CA. In all cultures with glycerol, DI values were less than unity, indicating higher production of CA compared to CephC. Conversely, in cultures fed with starch, the DI values obtained were greater than unity. However, no carbon source or feeding condition was able to completely dissociate the production of CA from that of CephC.

3664 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
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ARAUJO, M. SOLEDAD

; CIUCCIO, MARIANO

; CAZON, ADA V

; CASANAVE, EMMA B

Revista chilena de historia natural

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Dez 2010, Volume 83 Nº 4 Páginas 557 - 566

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The analysis of feces is a fundamental tool for field work, especially to identify the presence of certain species in an area. Fecal bile acids and their relative concentration follow patterns that are species-specific, and can be characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This technique has been used for differentiating feces of several mammal species; however it has never been used for Xenarthra species. In this work, 96 feces of Xenarthra species were analyzed by TLC to determine the bile acid pattern. The species were: Zaedyus pichiy (n = 10), Chaetophractus vellerosus (n = 5), Chaetophractus villosus (n = 57), Dasypus kybridus (n = 4), Priodontes maximus (n = 2), Tamanduá tetradactyla (n = 14) and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (n = 4). There were differences between the bile acid patterns of all the species, but not between males and females, nor between wild and captive animals of the same species. We found seven known bile acids, cholesterol and seven unidentified compounds (X1-X7). All the species had taurocholic, glycochenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids, and cholesterol. Only C. villosus had deoxycholic acid (Rf: 0.30 ± 0.01). Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C. villosus had two or three bands of dehydrocholic acid (Rf between 0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.45 ± 0.02), while the other species had one or two. Z. pichiy had two unidentified bile acids, X6 (Rf: 0.85 ± 0.06) and X7 (Rf 0.93 ± 0.03), that were almost indistinguishable in other species. D. hybridus differed from Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C villosus because it did not have chenodeoxycholic acid and X7. T. tetradactyla was the only species without cholic acid and it differed from M. tridactyla because it had dehydrocholic acid. D. hybridus was the species with the lowest number of compounds (seven), and differed from the others because it did not have the X1 and X5 unidentified compounds. These results are the first for Xenarthra and would be very important for fu ture studies about the conservation and the ecophysiology of the group.

El análisis de las heces es una herramienta fundamental para el trabajo de campo, especialmente para identificar la presencia de una determinada especie en un area. Los ácidos biliares fecales y su concentración relativa siguen patrones que son especie-específicos, y pueden ser caracterizados por Cromatografía en Capa Fina (TLC). Esta técnica ha sido utilizada para diferenciar heces de varias especies de mamíferos, pero nunca en Xenarthra. En este trabajo se analizaron 96 heces de especies de Xenarthra a través de TLC, para determinar el patrón de ácidos biliares fecales. Las especies fueron: Zaedyus pichiy (n = 10), Chaetophractus vellerosus (n = 5), Chaetophractus villosus (n = 57), Dasypus hybridus (n = 4), Priodontes maximus (n = 2), Tamanduá tetradactyla (n = 14) y Myrmecophaga tridactyla (n = 4). Se encontraron diferencias entre los patrones de ácidos biliares para todas las especies, pero no entre machos y hembras, ni entre animales de cautiverio y silvestres de la misma especie. Se encontraron siete ácidos biliares conocidos, colesterol y siete compuestos aun no identificados (X1-X7). Todas las especies tuvieron los ácidos taurocólico, glicoquenodeoxicólico y litocólico, y colesterol. Solo C. villosus tuvo ácido deoxicólico (Rf: 0.30 ± 0.01). Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus y C. villosus tuvieron dos o tres bandas de ácido dehidrocólico (Rf entre 0.29 ± 0.06 y 0.45± 0.02), mientras que las otras especies tuvieron una o dos. Z. pichiy tuvo dos compuestos no identificados, X6 (Rf 0.85 ± 0.06) y X7 (Rf: 0.93 ± 0.03), que fueron casi indistinguibles en las otras especies. D. hybridus difirió de Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus y C villosus porque no tuvo ácido quenodeoxicólico y X,. T. tetradactyla fue la única especie que no presentó ácido cólico y difirió de M. tridactyla por la presencia de ácido dehidrocólico. D. hybridus fue la especie con el menor número de compuestos (siete) y difirió del resto porque no presentó los compuestos X1 y X5. Estos resultados son los primeros para Xenarthra y podrían ser muy importantes para futuros estudios acerca de la conservación y ecofisiología del grupo.

2649 downloads

Influence of glycerol and ornithine feeding on clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus
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Teodoro, J. C.

; Baptista-Neto, A.

; Araujo, M. L. G. C.

; Hokka, C. O.

; Badino, A. C.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Dez 2010, Volume 27 Nº 4 Páginas 499 - 506

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The influence of glycerol and ornithine feeding on clavulanic acid (CA) production by Streptomyces clavuligerus was investigated. In batch experiments, CA maximum concentration (Cp max) ranged randomly from 430 to 560 mg.L-1, with a maximum increase of 10% in relation to the control run, without ornithine. However, the maximum volumetric productivity of CA (Pp max) of 13.7 mg.L-1.h-1 was obtained with 0.66 g.L-1 of ornithine, 44.2% higher than the Pp max in the control run. In fed-batch experiments, Cp max varied within the narrow range from 1.254 to 1.405 g.L-1, 2.5 times higher than that obtained in the control run. The presence of ornithine increased the Pp max, although it influenced only slightly the Cp max. Concerning glycerol, the highest CA production of 1.6 g.L-1 was obtained in the fed-batch with glycerol and ornithine (180 and 3.7 g.L−1) in a 10-L bioreactor, showing a positive effect of ornithine and glycerol, in the proper proportion (48.6:1), on CA biosynthesis.

2204 downloads Citado 4 vezes em SciELO

Adaptation and validation of the Bristol scale stool form translated into the Spanish language among health professionals and patients
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Parés, D.

; Comas, M.

; Dorcaratto, D.

; Araujo, M. I.

; Vial, M.

; Bohle, B.

; Pera, M.

; Grande, L.

Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas

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Mai 2009, Volume 101 Nº 5 Páginas 312 - 316

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Background: stool type represents an important semiologic part of medical interviews. The Bristol Scale Stool Form is a clinical tool to evaluate stool consistency and form. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Bristol Scale Stool Form into Spanish. Differences in validation results between health professionals and patients surveyed were also evaluated. Methods: the study population included 79 physicians, 79 nurses, and 78 patients. Subjects were invited to match a randomly selected text defining one of the seven stool types in the scale with one of seven drawings described originally. A random selection of samples was offered for re-test reliability. Results: the overall Kappa index was 0.708. Thirty-two subjects repeated the test for a test-retest assessment in a mean interval of 7.76 days, and the percentage concordance between definition and image was 84.4% with a Kappa index of 0.816. There were no differences in the validation study between physicians, nurses, and patients. Conclusions: this study has shown that the Spanish version of the Bristol Scale Stool Form is reliable for use as a tool to evaluate stool consistency and form.

1683 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

Active orogeny of the south-central Andes studied with GPS geodesy
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Kendrick, E.

; Brooks, B.

; Bevis, M.

; Smalley Jr., R.

; Lauria, E.

; Araujo, M.

; Parra, H.

Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina

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Dez 2006, Volume 61 Nº 4 Páginas 555 - 566

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

We present GPS measurements of the crustal velocity field in the southern Central Andes between the Santa Cruz corner and the Malargüe fold and thrust belt, and model this interseismic velocity field as the combination of an ephemeral, elastic signal associated with locking of the main plate boundary, and a steady and non-reversing component of displacement associated with localized backarc convergence and growth of the mountain belt. We find that this second component, i.e. the ongoing and permanent displacement of the forearc and the high Andes relative to the craton, can be modeled very well as a steady clockwise rotation of an Andean microplate about a pole located in southern Argentina. Near the Malargüe Basin, this microplate (or block) is moving nearly parallel to the strike of the orogen, transporting material towards the bend in the central Andes. Farther north, in the southern limb of the Central Andes, the motion of this same crustal block is directed nearly perpendicular to the strike of the mountain belt. Our results suggest that permanent deformation rates in the backarc range from a maximum of ~ 6-7 mm/yr in the Bolivian Subandes to less than ~ 3 mm/yr in the Argentine Precordillera and Malargue fold and thrust belt. It is likely that most active backarc deformation is accruing in a narrow zone (~ 50 km wide) associated with the backarc boundary (usually defined as the thrust front) though at this stage it is impossible to distinguish whether specific backarc structures are actively accruing strain.

Se presentan mediciones GPS del campo de velocidad en los Andes centro-australes entre el extremo norte de Santa Cruz y la faja plegada de Malargüe. Se modela el campo de velocidad intersísmico como la combinación de una señal elástico/efímera asociada con el anclaje del límite principal de placas, y una componente constante, no reversible de desplazamiento asociada con una convergencia localizada en el retroarco y crecimiento del cinturón montañoso andino. Se encuentra que esta segunda componente, por ejemplo en el desplazamiento actual relativo al cratón del antearco y los altos Andes, puede ser modelada muy bien como una rotación horaria constante de la microplaca andina alrededor de un polo de Euler localizado en el sur de Argentina. Cerca de Malargüe, esta microplaca (o bloque) se mueve subparalelamente al rumbo del orógeno, transportando material hacia la inflexión de los Andes Centrales. Más al norte, en el sector austral de los Andes Centrales, el movimiento de este bloque es casi perpendicular al rumbo de la cadena montañosa. Se sugiere que las tasas de deformación permanente en el retroarco varían entre un máximo de ~ 6-7 mm/año en el Subandino Boliviano y menos de ~ 3 mm/año en la Precordillera Argentina y en la faja plegada de Malargüe. Es probable que la deformación activa más importante esté ocurriendo en una delgada faja (~ 50 km de ancho) asociada con el límite del retroarco (usualmente definido como el frente orogénico). En esta etapa, es imposible distinguir si estructuras específicas del retroarco está acumulando deformación.

192 downloads Citado 5 vezes em SciELO

Urinary NO3 excretion and renal failure in indinavir-treated patients
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Eira, M.

; Araujo, M.

; Seguro, A.C.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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Ago 2006, Volume 39 Nº 8 Páginas 1065 - 1070

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Treatment with indinavir (IDV), a protease inhibitor, is frequently associated with renal abnormalities. We determined the incidence of renal failure (creatinine clearance <80 mL min-1 1.73 (m²)-1) in HIV patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, including IDV, and investigated the possible mechanisms and risk factors of IDV nephrotoxicity. Thirty-six patients receiving IDV were followed for 3 years. All were assessed for age, body weight, duration of infection, duration of IDV treatment, sulfur-derivative use, total cholesterol, triglycerides, magnesium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and urinalysis. We also determined renal function in terms of creatinine clearance, urine osmolality and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. Urinary nitrate (NO3) excretion was measured in 18 IDV-treated patients and compared with that of 8 patients treated with efavirenz, a drug without renal side effects. Sterile leukocyturia occurred in 80.5% of the IDV-treated patients. Creatinine clearance <80 mL min-1 1.73 (m²)-1 was observed in 22 patients (61%) and was associated with low body weight and the use of sulfur-derivatives. These patients also had lower osmolality, lower urine volume and a higher fractional excretion of water compared to the normal renal function group. Urinary NO3 excretion was significantly lower in IDV-treated patients (809 ± 181 µM NO3-/mg creatinine) than in efavirenz-treated patients (2247 ± 648 µM NO3-/mg creatinine, P < 0.01). The lower NO3 excretion suggests that IDV decreases nitric oxide production.

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Wavelet analysis for upscaling of two dimensional permeability fields
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Márquez, R

; Araujo, M

Revista mexicana de física

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Mai 2006, Volume 52 Supl. 3 Páginas 76 - 80

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

We use a multiresolution analysis based on a wavelet transform to upscale two-dimensional heterogeneous permeability fields. Results are compared with conventional averaging upscaling schemes using arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averaging. It is found that the wavelet analysis is able to preserve the fine scale heterogeneous features with the increase of the coarse scale size significantly better than the averaging methods, while preserving information required for downsizing the properties of the system.

Se presenta un esquema para el escalamiento de un campo de permeabilidad bidimensional heterogéneo basado en un método de análisis de multiresolución con transformada de ondícula. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con los encontrados con esquemas convencionales de promedios aritméticos, geométricos y armónicos. Se encuentra que el análisis de ondícula es capaz de preservar las heterogeneidades a medida que se aumenta el tamaño de la escala, mucho mejor que los métodos de promediación, preservando al mismo tiempo la información necesaria para la reconstrucción de la permeabilidad a escala fina.

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11.

Efeitos da escarificação na qualidade física de um latossolo vermelho distroférrico após treze anos de semeadura direta
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Araujo, M. A.

; Tormena, C. A.

; Inoue, T. T.

; Costa, A. C. S.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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Jun 2004, Volume 28 Nº 3 Páginas 495 - 504

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações na qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico provocadas pela escarificação, após 13 anos de semeadura direta. O experimento constituiu-se de dois tratamentos: escarificação do solo a 0,30 m de profundidade (SDE) e testemunha mantendo a semeadura direta (SD). Amostras de solo, com estrutura não deformada, foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-0,15 m e 0,15-0,30 m, a partir das quais foram determinados a curva de retenção de água, a curva de resistência do solo à penetração, a densidade do solo e o "Intervalo Ótimo de Tensão da Água no Solo" (IOP). Os resultados mostraram que, na profundidade de 0-0,15 m, a escarificação promoveu modificações na porosidade do solo, mantendo condições adequadas de aeração em tensões matriciais menores do que 0,01 MPa. Por outro lado, no solo escarificado, constatou-se a maior ocorrência de limitações pela resistência do solo à penetração em tensões menores do que 1,5 MPa. Para a camada de 0,15-0,30 m, no tratamento SDE, a resistência do solo à penetração foi o limite superior do IOP. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que, neste solo e sob esta condição de manejo, não é necessária a escarificação.

The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in the physical soil quality of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox) caused by chiseling, after thirteen years of no-tillage. The experiment consisted of two management systems: soil chiseling down to a 0.30 m depth (NTC) and no-tillage (NT). Undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.15 m and 0.15-0.30 m, and the soil water retention curve, the soil resistance to penetration curve, the soil bulk density, and the "Least Limiting Water Potential" (LLWP) were determined. The results showed that the chiseling caused modifications in soil porosity in the 0-0.15 m layer, maintaining appropriate aeration conditions in water matric potentials under 0.01 MPa. On the other hand, the strongest limitations by soil penetration resistance in matric potentials under 1.5 MPa were verified in the NTC soil management. In the 0.15-0.30 m soil layer under the NTC treatment, the soil penetration resistance was the upper limit of the LLWP. The results of the study indicate that under the present management condition, chiseling is not necessary in this soil.

2382 downloads Citado 17 vezes em SciELO

12.

Propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico cultivado e sob mata nativa
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Araujo, M. A.

; Tormena, C. A.

; Silva, A. P.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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Abr 2004, Volume 28 Nº 2 Páginas 337 - 345

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A compreensão e a quantificação do impacto do uso e manejo na qualidade física dos solos são fundamentais no desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar algumas propriedades indicadoras da qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico da região Noroeste do Paraná, cultivado e sob mata nativa. Foram coletadas 24 amostras de solo com estrutura não deformada, na profundidade de 0-0,20 m, em duas áreas contíguas, sob mata nativa e cultivado, localizadas na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, município de Maringá, PR. A área cultivada tem sido utilizada com culturas anuais, com preparo convencional do solo (arado de discos e grade niveladora). A área sob mata nativa é classificada como Floresta Estacional semidecidual. Avaliaram-se a porosidade, a densidade do solo, a curva de retenção de água do solo, a curva de resistência do solo à penetração e o intervalo hídrico ótimo. Os resultados indicaram valores significativamente maiores de densidade do solo e menores de macroporosidade e porosidade total na área cultivada. Não foi constatado efeito significativo do uso do solo na curva de retenção de água, apesar de ter sido ela influenciada pela densidade do solo. A curva de resistência foi significativamente influenciada pelo uso do solo, evidenciada pelos maiores valores de resistência à penetração com o secamento do solo na área cultivada. O intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) foi menor no solo cultivado, uma vez que a resistência à penetração e a porosidade de aeração determinaram os limites, inferior e superior, de água disponível com o aumento da densidade do solo. No solo sob mata nativa, o IHO foi igual à água disponível determinada pela capacidade de campo e pelo ponto de murcha permanente. A compactação do solo na área cultivada resultou em mudanças no sistema poroso, as quais foram descritas pelos menores valores do IHO na área cultivada.

The understanding and quantification of the impact caused by soil use and management on the physical soil quality are fundamental for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this research was to quantify some physical soil properties to evaluate the physical quality of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Rhodic Ferralsol) in the northwest of the State of Paraná, Brazil. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from two contiguous areas on an Experimental Farm of the State University of Maringá. One area was cultivated with annual crops under conventional tillage (disk plow and harrowing) and the other under native forest (semidecidual seasonal forest). The evaluated physical soil attributes were soil porosity and bulk density, soil water retention curve, soil resistance curve, and the least limiting water range. Results indicated significantly higher values of bulk density and lower values of soil porosity in the cultivated area. The soil water retention curve was not influenced by the soil use system, but was negatively influenced by bulk density. The soil resistance curve was influenced by the soil use system, evidenced by high values of soil resistance to root penetration under increasing drought in the cultivated soil. The least limiting water range was significantly smaller in the cultivated soil owing to the soil resistance to root penetration and air-filled porosity, which determined the lower and upper limits of soil water availability with bulk density increase. In the soil under native forest, the least limiting water range was equal to the water availability determined by the field capacity and the permanent wilting point. Soil compaction in the cultivated soil induced changes in the soil porous system, which were described by lower values of the least limiting water range than in virgin soil.

13216 downloads Citado 55 vezes em SciELO

13.

Control of chaotic magnetic fields in tokamaks
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Caldas, I. L.

; Viana, R. L.

; Araujo, M. S. T.

; Vannucci, A.

; Silva, E. C. da

; Ullmann, K.

; Heller, M. V. A. P.

Brazilian Journal of Physics

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Dez 2002, Volume 32 Nº 4 Páginas 980 - 1004

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Chaotic magnetic field lines play an important role in plasma confinement by tokamaks. They can either be generated in the plasma as a result of natural instabilities or artifficially produced by external conductors, like resonant helical windings and ergodic magnetic limiters. This is a review of works carried out at the Universidade de São Paulo and Universidade Federal do Paraná on theoretical and experimental aspects of generation and control of chaotic magnetic field lines in tokamaks.

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14.

Thermal effects on light emission in Yb3+-sensitized rare-earth doped optical glasses
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Gouveia, E. A.

; Araujo, M. T. de

; Gouveia-Neto, A. S.

Brazilian Journal of Physics

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Mar 2001, Volume 31 Nº 1 Páginas 89 - 101

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The temperature effect upon infrared-to-visible frequency upconversion fluorescence emission in off-resonance infrared excited Yb3+-sensitized rare-earth doped optical glasses is theoretically and experimentally investigated. We have examined samples of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped Ga2S3:La2O3 chalcogenide glasses and germanosilicate optical fibers, and Ga2O3:La2O3 chalcogenide and fluoroindate glasses codoped with Pr3+/Yb3+, excited off-resonance at 1.064mum. The experimental results revealed thermal induced enhancement in the visible upconversion emission intensity as the samples temperatures were increased within the range of 20°C to 260°C. The fluorescence emission enhancement is attributed to the temperature dependent multiphonon-assisted anti-Stokes excitation process of the ytterbium-sensitizer. A theoretical approach that takes into account a sensitizer temperature dependent effective absorption cross-section, which depends upon the phonon occupation number in the host matrices, has proven to agree very well with the experimental data. As beneficial applications of the thermal enhancement, a temperature tunable amplifier and a fiber laser with improved power performance are presented.

4012 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

15.

Estimation of the volumetric oxygen tranfer coefficient (KLa) from the gas balance and using a neural network technique
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CRUZ, A. J. G.

; SILVA, A. S.

; ARAUJO, M. L. G. C.

; GIORDANO, R. C.

; HOKKA, C. O.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Jun 1999, Volume 16 Nº 2 Páginas 179 - 183

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This paper reports on the use of the gas balance and dynamic methods to obtain an estimate of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) in a conventional reactor during the growth phase of the microorganism Cephalosporium acremonium. A new way of calculating kLa by the dynamic method employing an electrode with a slow response, is proposed. The calculated values of kLa were used in the training of a feedforward neural network, for which the inputs were the parameter measurements of the related variables. The neural network technique proved effective, predicting values of kLa accurately from input data not used during the training phase. In contrast, the gas balance method was shown to be less useful. This could be attributed to the poor data obtained with the apparatus used to measure the oxygen in the exhaust gas, explained by the low rate of oxygen consumption by the microorganism.

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